The Antiseptics Against The Infections

They are substances that help to fight or to prevent the infectious sufferings, inhibiting the growth and the reproduction of bacteria, fungi and virus that cause them. They are applied mainly on the skin to take care of wounds, burns and punctures, although also they are used in mucous (nasal mouth, throat, graves).

The antiseptics can be of natural origin, like the saliva, that eliminates microorganisms lodged in the oral cavity and which they are responsible for dental decay, or be obtained in the laboratory, where they are prepared in ideal concentrations to fight diseases without affecting the patient.

It is important to mention that disinfectant and antiseptic are not synonymous, since first is a product that destroys germs located in surfaces (floor, furniture, bath, operating theater) or objects (utensils of cleaning and instruments used in operations, for example), whereas the seconds act solely on alive weaves.

It is certain that there is great amount of microorganisms in the atmosphere and that many live on epidermis to feed themselves on the sweat and the fat produced by the sebaceous glands sweat and (a person even heals and clean she can lodge 2,4 million bacteria by square centimeter of the armpits), these tiny beings commonly are controlled by the efficient systems of defense that exist in the skin and mucous.

It is possible that the germs introduce to the human body through a cut or wound, reason why in these cases an antiseptic must be used that prevents its step and reduces the possibility of suffering damage. The product must be applied not directly in the flanks of the cut of the skin and in the incision, without forgetting that the best thing is to allow than the injury is ventilated so that it heals and, this way, prevents a new attack.

Some infections by bacteria and virus cause small and painful blisters and ulcers (aftas) in the mucous of the mouth. In this case, the injury can be originated by an object, a dental prosthesis or a blow, and their effects are atenuables thanks to antiseptic solutions, which are applied, directly, with the help of one torunda of cotton or sprinkler, or by means of the accomplishment of crops and gargles.

The acne is a suffering in which the hormonal changes stimulate to the sebaceous glands, generating fat accumulations that obstruct pores and give rise to mud and shinbones. Such injuries can be invaded by the Propionebacterium bacterium acne, so that to use special antiseptic solutions it can help to lessen the infection risk and, therefore, of scars.

Many antiseptic substances exist, but most important they are:

• Etilic Alcohol Or Ethanol: One is used in solutions whose concentration is of 70 and 96%, is used to him in blows, raspones or small wounds, and it does not have to be used in great cuts, since it hurts weaves and it favors the appearance of clots that lodge alive microorganisms in their interior. He is very effective against bacteria, but not thus with the virus. Another variety of alcohol, the isopropílico exists, with identical antiseptic qualities, but almost it is not used being highly irritating.

• Oxygenated Water (Hydrogen Peroxide): It is used like antiseptic in concentrations of 6% (20 volumes). Its use very is extended because it does not produce irritation in weaves, but has the disadvantage of which it is disturbed quickly when it makes contact with enemy with enzymes, catalasas, that exists in weaves. Also it stimulates the sanguineous coagulation and it is useful when suspicion of infection by anaerobic bacteria (that live without oxygen), like that it generates tetanus. He is ideal to clean mucous, and in dentistry one is used to fight gingivitis.

• Iodine: Antiseptic of low cost, fast action and that rarely generates reactions adverse.

• Nitrate Of Silver: Its use is not as general as in the previous cases, but it is a powerful antiseptic very useful in the combat of staphylococcus and pseudomonas, that are bacteria that usually live within the hospitals. They are also used to eliminate warts and to disinfect burns.

• Chloride Of Benzalconio: He is available in different degrees from concentration, sometimes dissolved in alcohol (tinctures) or water (watery solution), and it is possible to be applied in mucous, wounded or on the healthy skin, previous to surgeries. Before applying it, the skin must be washed with taken care of and the rest of soap must be rinsed abundantly, since this one can annul the antiseptic action and favor the proliferation of bacteria. It is very rare that it generates allergy.

• Violet Of Gentian: Very used in previous decades, mainly in the combat of infections generated by fungi and bacteria, she has been displaced before the more effective product sprouting and than they do not generate spots. It is continued using with relative frequency in sufferings of the oral mucosa and veterinary medicine.

• Derivatives Of Mercury: Most habitual they are tiomersal (solution to the 0,1%) and merbromina (to 2%), that they are used to disinfect the scraped skin, although can produce remarkable irritation.

• Potassium Permagnato Or Of Potassium: It is not as common as the previous ones, but it is of utility to prevent infections by fungi (miseries) and to even stop them in his first stages.

We remembered to him that of case that are cuts, scratches and small wounds, the best treatment consists of cleaning to the wound with soap and cold water, and applying next the antiseptic that seems to him indicated more. In general terms, one is due to have well-taken care of which these solutions do not touch the wound directly, since they can injure plus weaves. In case of hurt in mucous, it uses products formulated specifically to disinfect these zones, since an antiseptic for the skin usually is too aggressive.

Medicines exist other (solutions and pomades, mainly) which they are used in the prevention of infections, but must be administered under the approval of the familiar doctor because they contain antibiotics (penicillin, garamicina, neomicina or other similar).

If a wound does not heal in approximately one week, or shines blushed and warms up, it will be due to consult to the specialist to the brevity. Also, all deep injury that has taken place with metallic material, in a dirty site or that outside caused by an animal, it will have to receive attention of a doctor to prevent the sprouting with tetanus or rages.

Autor: Hidrocodone Para Dolores.

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